5th-4th century BC. A bronze helmet of Chalcidian typology with carinated crown, bowl forged from a single piece of metal, flared edges above the eyes and ears, flanged neck guard and long nasal (restored); the cheek-pieces connected to the bowl by a three part hinge, each D-shaped with a contoured forward edge, pierced through the lower edge for the attachment of a chin strap; apanied by a ctom-made display stand. See Pflug, H., 'Chalkidische Helme' in: Antike Helme, RGZM Monographien 14, Mainz, 1988, pp.137-150; Chernenko, E.V., The Scythians 700-300 BC, Hong Kong, 1998; Hixenbaugh, R., Ancient Greek Helmets, aplete guide and catalogue, New York, 2019, figs.X218-X229; in particular the helmet has a good parallel with the type found in Northern Greece during the construction of a railway line at Kitros, see Pandermalis, Alexander the Great, Treasures from an Epic Era of Hellenism, Onassis Public Benefit Foundation, 2004, p.54, no.3. 960 grams, 33cm high (2.8kg total, 43cm including stand) (13 (17)"). Private collection of Mr M.B., Mainz, Germany, since the 1990s. Property of a London binessman. Apanied by an archaeological report by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato. Apanied by a positive metal test number HM1469 from an Oxford specialist. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is apanied by AIAD certificate number no.11083-183944. Among the types of Chalcidian helmets, the fifth and the last typology, corresponding to the Kunze group VII (Pflug, 1988, p.138), was characterised by the presence of detached cheek-guards. By the end of the 5th century BC, the fixed cheek-pieces had been entirely abandoned on the Chalcidian helmets in favour of these more versatile hinged cheek pieces. Inmon with the majority of Greek helmets of the 5th and 4th centuries BC, very few have been found in areas of Greek colonisation. Several regional district workshops produced such helmets by the 5th century BC: mainland Greece, Black Sea coast, Thrace, Southern Italy and Iberia. Although some specimens of this category have been found in Macedonia, Thrace, continental Greece and South Italy, the Chalcidian Black Sea group has been found mainly in the area of Greek colonisation and trade, especially around the territories of the Crimea and to the East in what it is now Georgia and Abkhazia.[A video of this lot is available to view on Timeline Auctions .]