Torso of Venus pudica. Roman Empire, 2nd century A.D. Marble. Revolving marble pedestal. Measures: 76 x 40 x 30 cm (sculpture); 10 x 40 x 40 x 40 cm. (pedestal). Marble sculpture representing a Venus Pudititia just out of the bath. After Praxiteles created and installed in Cnidus the first plastic representation of a large female nude, other sculptors also made this theme their own. The complete nudity of the torso is due to the lack of arms that covered some parts of the body. This absence of upper extremities gives the sculpture a different aspect to the one it would have in origin. As a reference of such important iconography there is a statue preserved in its entirety in the Medici villa in Rome, which shows that the goddess covered her pubis with her left hand, while her right arm was raised to partially cover her breasts. The head, turned sharply to her left shoulder, was relatively small and the neck long, her hair was tied back on her head and a bun on top of the nape of her neck. Of the Venus presented it is still possible to observe the hair falling from her ponytail over her delicate shoulders. The model of the torso is a late Hellenistic work from the beginning of the 1st century B.C. From the position of its limbs, its composition and particular motifs such as the hairstyle, the Venus de Medici owes much to the Capitoline Venus of about 280 B.C., but modifies it according to the stylistic principles of its own time, for example, hips and shoulders and narrowing the waist. The Romans brought two important novelties to the world of sculpture: portraiture and historical relief, neither of which existed in the Greek world. However, they followed the Greek models for a large part of their sculptural production, a base that in Rome was combined with the Etruscan tradition. After the first contacts with the Greece of classicism through the colonies of Magna Graecia, the Romans conquered Syracuse in 212 BC, a rich and important Greek colony located in Sicily, adorned with a large number of Hellenistic works. The city was sacked and its artistic treasures taken to Rome, where the new style of these works soon replaced the Etruscan-Roman tradition that had prevailed until then. Shortly afterwards, in 133 B.C., the Empire inherited the kingdom of Pergamon, where there was an original and thriving school of Hellenistic sculpture. The huge Pergamon Altar, the "Gallus committing suicide" or the dramatic group "Laocoön and his sons" were three of the key creations of this Hellenistic school. On the other hand, after Greece was conquered in 146 B.C. most Greek artists settled in Rome, and many of them devoted themselves to making copies of Greek sculptures, very fashionable at that time in the capital of the Empire. Thus, numerous copies of Praxiteles, Lysippus and classical works of the 5th century B.C. were produced, giving rise to the Neo-Attic school of Rome, the first neoclassical movement in the History of Art. However, between the end of the 2nd century BC and the beginning of the 1st century BC there was a change in this purist Greek trend, which culminated in the creation of a national school of sculpture in Rome, from which emerged works such as the Altar of Aenobarbus, which already introduced a typically Roman narrative concept, which would become a chronicle of daily life and, at the same time, of the success of its political model. This school will be the precursor of the great imperial art of Augustus, in whose mandate Rome became the most influential city of the Empire and also the new center of Hellenistic culture, as Pergamon and Alexandria had been before, attracting a large number of Greek artists and craftsmen. In the Augustan era Rome contributed to the continuity and renewal of a tradition that already had a centuries-old prestige, and which had dictated the character of all the art of the area. Dimensions 76 x 40 x 30 cm (sculpture); 10 x 40 x 40 x 40 cm. (pedestal).